F127-SE-tLAP thermosensitive hydrogel alleviates bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis via TGF-ß/Smad pathway.

BACKGROUND: Skin fibrosis affects the normal function of the skin. TGF-ß1 is a key cytokine that affects organ fibrosis. The latency-associated peptide (LAP) is essential for TGF-ß1 activation. We previously constructed and prepared truncated LAP (tLAP), and confirmed that tLAP inhibited liver fibrosis by affecting TGF-ß1. SPACE peptide has both transdermal and transmembrane functions. SPACE promotes the delivery of macromolecules through the stratum corneum into the dermis. This study aimed to alleviate skin fibrosis through the delivery of tLAP by SPACE. METHODS: The SPACE-tLAP (SE-tLAP) recombinant plasmid was constructed. SE-tLAP was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The effects of SE-tLAP on the proliferation, migration, and expression of fibrosis-related and inflammatory factors were evaluated in TGF-ß1-induced NIH-3T3 cells. F127-SE-tLAP hydrogel was constructed by using F127 as a carrier to load SE-tLAP polypeptide. The degradation, drug release, and biocompatibility of F127-SE-tLAP were evaluated. Bleomycin was used to induce skin fibrosis in mice. HE, Masson, and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the skin histological characteristics. RESULTS: SE-tLAP inhibited the proliferation, migration, and expression of fibrosis-related and inflammatory factors in NIH-3T3 cells. F127-SE-tLAP significantly reduced ECM production, collagen deposition, and fibrotic pathological changes, thereby alleviating skin fibrosis. CONCLUSION: F127-SE-tLAP could increase the transdermal delivery of LAP, reduce the production and deposition of ECM, inhibit the formation of dermal collagen fibers, and alleviate the progression of skin fibrosis. It may provide a new idea for the therapy of skin fibrosis.

Tailoring ß-ketoenamine covalent organic framework with azo for blue light-driven selective oxidation of amines with oxygen.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) present bright prospects in visible light photocatalysis with abundant active sites and exceptional stability. Tailoring an established COF with photoactive group is a prudent strategy to extend visible light absorption toward broad photocatalysis. Here, a ß-ketoenamine COF, TpBD-COF, constructed with 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 4,4'-biphenyldiamine (BD), is tailored with azo to validate this strategy. The insertion of azo into BD affords 4,4'-azodianiline (Azo); TpAzo-COF is successfully constructed with Tp and Azo. Intriguingly, the insertion of azo enhances π-conjugation, thereby facilitating visible light absorption and intramolecular electron transfer. Moreover, TpAzo-COF, with an appropriate electronic structure and impressive specific surface area of 1855 m2 g-1, offers substantial active sites conducive to the reduction of oxygen (O2) to superoxide. Compared with TpBD-COF, TpAzo-COF exhibits superior performance for blue light-driven oxidation of amines with O2. Superoxide controls the selective formation of product imines. This work foreshadows the remarkable capacity of tailoring COFs with photoactive group toward broad visible light photocatalysis.

Paris polyphylla ethanol extract and polyphyllin I ameliorate adenomyosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

BACKGROUND: The active ingredients of the Chinese medical herb Paris polyphylla, P. polyphylla ethanol extract (PPE) and polyphyllin I (PPI), potentially inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumors. However, the roles of these ingredients in inhibiting EMT in adenomyosis (AM) remain to be explored. PURPOSE: The primary goal of the study was to uncover the underlying molecular processes through which PPE and PPI suppress EMT in AM, alongside assessing the safety profiles of these substances. METHODS: To assess the suppressive impact of PPE on adenomyosis-derived cells (AMDCs), we employed Transwell and wound healing assays. The polyphyllins (PPI, PPII, PPVII) contained in PPE were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, bioinformatics techniques were performed to pinpoint potential PPI targets that could be effective in treating AM. Immunoblotting was used to verify the key proteins and pathways identified via bioinformatics. Furthermore, we examined the efficacy of PPE and PPI in treating Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice with AM by observing the morphological and pathological features of the uterus and performing immunohistochemistry. In addition, we assessed safety by evaluating liver, kidney and spleen pathologic features and serum test results. RESULTS: Three major polyphyllins of PPE were revealed by HPLC, and PPI had the highest concentration. In vitro experiments indicated that PPE and PPI effectively prevent AMDCs invasion and migration. Bioinformatics revealed that the primary targets E-cadherin, N-cadherin and TGFß1, as well as the EMT biological process, were enriched in PPI-treated AM. Immunoblotting assays corroborated the hypothesis that PPE and PPI suppress the TGFß1/Smad2/3 pathway in AMDCs to prevent EMT from progressing. Additionally, in vivo studies showed that PPE (3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg) and PPI (3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg), successfully suppressed the EMT process through targeting the TGFß1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Besides, it was observed that lower doses of PPE (3 mg/kg) and PPI (3 mg/kg) exerted minimal effects on the liver, kidneys, and spleen. CONCLUSIONS: PPE and PPI efficiently impede the development of EMT by inhibiting the TGFß1/Smad2/3 pathway, revealing an alternative pathway for the pharmacological treatment of AM.

Revolutionizing breast cancer treatment: Harnessing the related mechanisms and drugs for regulated cell death (Review).

Breast cancer arises from the malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells under the influence of various carcinogenic factors, leading to a gradual increase in its prevalence. This disease has become the leading cause of mortality among female malignancies, posing a significant threat to the health of women. The timely identification of breast cancer remains challenging, often resulting in diagnosis at the advanced stages of the disease. Conventional therapeutic approaches, such as surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, exhibit limited efficacy in controlling the progression and metastasis of the disease. Regulated cell death (RCD), a process essential for physiological tissue cell renewal, occurs within the body independently of external influences. In the context of cancer, research on RCD primarily focuses on cuproptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Mounting evidence suggests a marked association between these specific forms of RCD, and the onset and progression of breast cancer. For example, a cuproptosis vector can effectively bind copper ions to induce cuproptosis in breast cancer cells, thereby hindering their proliferation. Additionally, the expression of ferroptosis­related genes can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. Likewise, pyroptosis­related proteins not only participate in pyroptosis, but also regulate the tumor microenvironment, ultimately leading to the death of breast cancer cells. The present review discusses the unique regulatory mechanisms of cuproptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis in breast cancer, and the mechanisms through which they are affected by conventional cancer drugs. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of these forms of RCD in modulating the efficacy of chemotherapy and highlights their shared characteristics. This knowledge may provide novel avenues for both clinical interventions and fundamental research in the context of breast cancer.

Assessment the value of Pyroptosis-Associated Gasdermin family genes in hepatocellular carcinoma: A Multi-Omics Comprehensive Analysis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common primary cancers of the liver worldwide and leading cause of mortality. Gasdermins (GSDMs) family genes play an important role in the regulation of the normal physiological processes and have been implicated in multiple diseases. However, little is known about the relationship between different GSDMs proteins and HCC. The aim of this study was to explore the potential relationship between the expression, prognosis, genetic variation and immune infiltration of GSDMs family genes and HCC. Methods: We used different bioinformatics common public databases such as GSCA, GEPIA, UALCAN, HPA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, LinkedOmics, GeneMANIA, STRING, cBioPortal, TIMER and TISIDB to analyze the differential expression of the different GSDMs, prognostic value, genetic alterations, immune cell infiltration and their functional networks in HCC patients. Results: All the members of the GSDMs family exhibited elevated mRNA expression levels in LIHC compared to the normal tissues, while only GSDMB, GSDMD and GSDME showed enhanced protein expression. The mRNA expression of most GSDMs members was found to be elevated in HCC patients at stages I-III (clinical stage) compared to the normal subjects. The expression of GSDMD was correlated with OS and DSS of patients, whereas GSDME was correlated with OS, DSS and RFS of patients. Gene amplification was observed to be main mode of variation in members of the GSDMs family. KEGG pathway analysis showed that genes associated with different members of the GSDMs family were enriched in the pathways of S. aureus infection, intestinal immunity, ribosome and protein assembly, oxidative phosphorylation, osteoclast differentiation and Fc gamma (γ) R-mediated phagocytosis. In addition, expression of both GSDMA and GSDME were found to be correlated most significantly with infiltration of immune cells, while GSDMA and GSDME somatic cell copy number alteration (CAN) were correlated significantly with the infiltration of immune cells. All GSDMs were noted to be associated with distinct subtypes of immune cells, except GSDMC. Conclusions: Our findings have provided useful insights to better understand the roles and functions of GSDMs in HCC that can provide novel direction for developing therapeutic modalities for HCC, including immunotherapy.

Structure-based design of pan-coronavirus inhibitors targeting host cathepsin L and calpain-1.

Respiratory disease caused by coronavirus infection remains a global health crisis. Although several SARS-CoV-2-specific vaccines and direct-acting antivirals are available, their efficacy on emerging coronaviruses in the future, including SARS-CoV-2 variants, might be compromised. Host-targeting antivirals provide preventive and therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance and manage future outbreak of emerging coronaviruses. Cathepsin L (CTSL) and calpain-1 (CAPN1) are host cysteine proteases which play crucial roles in coronaviral entrance into cells and infection-related immune response. Here, two peptidomimetic α-ketoamide compounds, 14a and 14b, were identified as potent dual target inhibitors against CTSL and CAPN1. The X-ray crystal structures of human CTSL and CAPN1 in complex with 14a and 14b revealed the covalent binding of α-ketoamide groups of 14a and 14b to C25 of CTSL and C115 of CAPN1. Both showed potent and broad-spectrum anticoronaviral activities in vitro, and it is worth noting that they exhibited low nanomolar potency against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs) with EC50 values ranging from 0.80 to 161.7 nM in various cells. Preliminary mechanistic exploration indicated that they exhibited anticoronaviral activity through blocking viral entrance. Moreover, 14a and 14b exhibited good oral pharmacokinetic properties in mice, rats and dogs, and favorable safety in mice. In addition, both 14a and 14b treatments demonstrated potent antiviral potency against SARS-CoV-2 XBB 1.16 variant infection in a K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model. And 14b also showed effective antiviral activity against HCoV-OC43 infection in a mouse model with a final survival rate of 60%. Further evaluation showed that 14a and 14b exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory effects in Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages and in mice with acute pneumonia. Taken together, these results suggested that 14a and 14b are promising drug candidates, providing novel insight into developing pan-coronavirus inhibitors with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.

Shift work promotes adipogenesis via cortisol-dependent downregulation of EGR3-HDAC6 pathway.

The disruption of circadian rhythms caused by long-term shift work can cause metabolic diseases such as obesity. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) is a member of early growth response (EGR) family, which is involved in several cellular responses, had been reported as a circadian rhythm gene in suprachiasmatic nucleus. In this research, EGR3 was found to be widely expressed in the different tissue of human and mice, and downregulated in adipose tissue of obese subjects and high-fat diet mice. Moreover, EGR3 was found negatively regulated by cortisol. In addition, EGR3 is a key negative modulator of hADSCs and 3T3-L1 adipogenesis via regulating HDAC6, which is a downstream target gene of EGR3 and a negative regulator of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. These findings may explain how circadian rhythm disorder induced by shift works can cause obesity. Our study revealed a potential therapeutic target to alleviate metabolic disorders in shift workers and may provide better health guidance to shift workers.

[Identification and expression analysis of whole gene family of Isatis indigotica 4-coumarate: CoA ligase].

The 4-coumarate: CoA ligase(4CL) is a key enzyme in the upstream pathway of phenylpropanoids such as flavonoids, soluble phenolic esters, lignans, and lignins in plants. In this study, 13 4CL family members of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as reference sequences to identify the 4CL gene family candidate members of Isatis indigotica from the reported I. indigotica genome. Further bioinformatics analysis and analysis of the expression pattern of 4CL genes and the accumulation pattern of flavonoids were carried out. Thirteen 4CL genes were obtained, named Ii4CL1-Ii4CL13, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. The analysis of the gene structure and conserved structural domains revealed the intron number of I. indigotica 4CL genes was between 1 and 12 and the protein structural domains were highly conserved. Cis-acting element analysis showed that there were multiple response elements in the promoter sequence of I. indigotica 4CL gene family, and jasmonic acid had the largest number of reaction elements. The collinearity analysis showed that there was a close relationship between the 4CL gene family members of I. indigotica and A. thaliana. As revealed by qPCR results, the expression analysis of the 4CL gene family showed that 10 4CL genes had higher expression levels in the aboveground part of I. indigotica. The content assay of flavonoids in different parts of I. indigotica showed that flavonoids were mainly accumulated in the aboveground part of plants. This study provides a basis for further investigating the roles of the 4CL gene family involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in I. indigotica.

Rice husk and its derived biochar assist phytoremediation of heavy metals and PAHs co-contaminated soils but differently affect bacterial community.

In order to evaluate the feasibility of rice husk and rice husk biochar on assisting phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) co-contaminated soils, a 150-day pot experiment planted with alfalfa was designed. Rice husk and its derived biochar were applied to remediate a PAHs, Zn, and Cr co-contaminated soil. The effects of rice husk and biochar on the removal and bioavailability of PAHs and HMs, PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase gene abundance and bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soils were investigated. Results suggested that rice husk biochar had better performance on the removal of PAHs and immobilization of HMs than those of rice husk in co-contaminated rhizosphere soil. The abundance of PAH-degraders, which increased with the culture time, was positively correlated with PAHs removal. Rice husk biochar decreased the richness and diversity of bacterial community, enhanced the growth of Steroidobacter, Bacillus, and Sphingomonas in rhizosphere soils. However, Steroidobacter, Dongia and Acidibacter were stimulated in rice husk amended soils. According to the correlation analysis, Steroidobacter and Mycobacterium may play an important role in PAHs removal and HMs absorption. The combination of rice husk biochar and alfalfa would be a promising method to remediate PAHs and HMs co-contaminated soil.

Biochars assisted phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated agricultural soil: Dynamic responses of functional genes and microbial community.

A biochar-intensified phytoremediation experiment was designed to investigate the dynamic effects of different biochars on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal in ryegrass rhizosphere contaminated soil. Maize and wheat straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and 500 °C were amended into PAH-contaminated soil, and then ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) was planted for 90 days. Spearman's correlations among PAH removal, enzyme activity, abundance of PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHDα), and fungal and bacterial community structure were analyzed to elucidate the microbial degradation mechanisms during the combined remediation process. The results showed that 500 °C wheat straw biochar had higher surface area and more nutrients, and significantly accelerated the phytoremediation of PAHs (62.5 %), especially for high molecular weight PAH in contaminated soil. The activities of urease and dehydrogenase and the abundance of total and PAH-degrading bacteria, which improved with time by biochar and ryegrass, had a positive correlation with the removal rate of PAHs. Biochar enhanced the abundance of gram-negative (GN) PAH-RHDα genes. The GN PAH-degraders, Sphingomonas, bacteriap25, Haliangium, and Dongia may play vital roles in PAH degradation in biochar-amended rhizosphere soils. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that biochar led to significant differences in fungal community structures before 30 days, while the diversity of the bacterial community composition depended on planting ryegrass after 60 days. These findings imply that the structural reshaping of microbial communities results from incubation time and the selection of biochar and ryegrass in PAH-contaminated soils. Applying 500 °C wheat straw biochar could enhance the rhizoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil and benefit the soil microbial ecology.

Refined preferences of prioritizers improve intelligent diagnosis for Mendelian diseases.

Phenotype-guided gene prioritizers have proved a highly efficient approach to identifying causal genes for Mendelian diseases. In our previous study, we preliminarily evaluated the performance of ten prioritizers. However, all the selected software was run based on default settings and singleton mode. With a large-scale family dataset from Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) project (N = 305) and an in-house trio cohort (N = 152), the four optimal performers in our prior study including Exomiser, PhenIX, AMELIE, and LIRCIAL were further assessed through parameter optimization and/or the utilization of trio mode. The in-depth assessment revealed high diagnostic yields of the four prioritizers with refined preferences, each alone or together: (1) 83.3-91.8% of the causal genes were presented among the first ten candidates in the final ranking lists of the four tools; (2) Over 97.7% of the causal genes were successfully captured within the top 50 by either of the four software. Exomiser did best in directly hitting the target (ranking the causal gene at the very top) while LIRICAL displayed a predominant overall detection capability. Besides, cases affected by low-penetrance and high-frequency pathogenic variants were found misjudged during the automated prioritization process. The discovery of the limitations shed light on the specific directions of future enhancement for causal-gene ranking tools.

COMBINED APPLICATION OF B-SCAN ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND EYE-STEERING ULTRAWIDE FIELD IMAGING TO IMPROVE THE DETECTION OF RETINAL TEARS BEFORE CATARACT SURGERY.

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of combined application of B-scan ultrasonography (US) and ultrawide field imaging (UWFI) in detecting retinal tears before cataract surgery. METHODS: Of 1,277 cataract patients, 2,552 eyes were enrolled and received both B-scan US and UWFI examinations preoperatively. Three types of combination were applied: type 1 (union, B-scan US or centered UWFI), type 2 (intersection, B-scan US and centered UWFI), and type 3 (B-scan US and eye-steering UWFI). Sensitivity and specificity of detecting retinal tears by different methods were assessed. RESULTS: Totally 4.55% (116/2,552) of eyes were presented with retinal tears. The sensitivity of B-scan US and UWFI was 87.93% and 84.48%, and specificity was 95.16% and 99.79%, respectively. By applying type 1 and type 2 combination, the sensitivity was 98.28% and 74.14%, and specificity was 95.03% and 99.92%, respectively. By type 3 combination, the sensitivity increased to 95.69% and specificity to 99.88%, both of which were comparable to indirect ophthalmoscopy regardless of the number, type, and location of tears ( P > 0.05). In eyes with any cataract type or axial length, type 3 combination also gained comparable performance to indirect ophthalmoscopy. CONCLUSION: Combined application of B-scan US and eye-steering UWFI presented satisfactory performance in detecting retinal tears before cataract surgery.

Aurora B facilitates cholangiocarcinoma progression by stabilizing c-Myc.

BACKGROUND: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignancy that arises from biliary epithelial cells, has a dismal prognosis, and few targeted therapies are available. Aurora B, a key mitotic regulator, has been reported to be involved in the progression of various tumors, yet its role in CCA is still unclarified. METHODS: Human CCA tissues and murine spontaneous CCA models were used to assess Aurora B expression in CCA. A loss-of-function model was constructed in CCA cells to determine the role of Aurora B in CCA progression. Subcutaneous and liver orthotopic xenograft models were used to assess the therapeutic potential of Aurora B inhibitors in CCA. RESULTS: In murine spontaneous CCA models, Aurora B was significantly upregulated. Elevated Aurora B expression was also observed in 62.3% of human specimens in our validation cohort (143 CCA specimens), and high Aurora B expression was positively correlated with pathological parameters of tumors and poor survival. Knockdown of Aurora B by siRNA and heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) or an Aurora B kinase inhibitor (AZD1152) significantly suppressed CCA progression via G2/M arrest induction. An interaction between Aurora B and c-Myc was found in CCA cells. Targeting Aurora B significantly reduced this interaction and accelerated the proteasomal degradation of c-Myc, suggesting that Aurora B promoted the malignant properties of CCA by stabilizing c-Myc. Furthermore, sequential application of AZD1152 or Aurora B HDO drastically improved the efficacy of gemcitabine in CCA. CONCLUSIONS: Aurora B plays an essential role in CCA progression by modulating c-Myc stability and represents a new target for treatment and chemosensitization in CCA.

New Advances in Antenna Design toward Wearable Devices Based on Nanomaterials.

Wearable antennas have recently garnered significant attention due to their attractive properties and potential for creating lightweight, compact, low-cost, and multifunctional wireless communication systems. With the breakthrough progress in nanomaterial research, the use of lightweight materials has paved the way for the widespread application of wearable antennas. Compared with traditional metallic materials like copper, aluminum, and nickel, nanoscale entities including zero-dimensional (0-D) nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1-D) nanofibers or nanotubes, and two-dimensional (2-D) nanosheets exhibit superior physical, electrochemical, and performance characteristics. These properties significantly enhance the potential for constructing durable electronic composites. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits compact size and high deformation stability, accompanied by greater portability and wear resistance, owing to the high surface-to-volume ratio and flexibility of nanomaterials. This paper systematically discusses the latest advancements in wearable antennas based on 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D nanomaterials, providing a comprehensive overview of their development and future prospects in the field.

TRPV1 modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via calcium in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Neuroinflammation plays a key role in early brain injury (EBI) of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of neuroinflammation after SAH, but the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation after SAH is still unclear. TRPV1 is a non-selective calcium channel that is involved in the pathology of neuroinflammation, but its role in SAH has not been revealed. Our study showed that TRPV1 was significantly upregulated after SAH and was predominantly expressed in microglia/macrophages. Antagonism of TRPV1 was effective in ameliorating neurological impairment, brain edema, neuronal damage, and reducing the inflammatory response (evidenced by reducing the number of CD16/32 positive microglia/macrophages, inhibiting the expression of CD16, CD32, CD86, IL-1b, TNF-a and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation). However, this effect can be abolished by NLRP3 inflammasome antagonist MCC950. In vitro experiment confirmed that TRPV1 activated NLRP3 inflammasome by increasing intracellular calcium levels. In conclusion, TRPV1 mediates EBI after SAH via calcium/NLRP3, and TRPV1 is a potential therapeutic target after SAH.

Effect of physical treatments on the functional and structural features of soluble dietary fiber from soybean dregs.

BACKGROUND: In this research, the effects caused by ultrafine grinding (U), high-temperature cooking (HTC), microwave (M) and combined treatment (U-HTC, U-M) were evaluated on the functional properties and structural characteristics of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) obtained from soybean dregs. RESULTS: Physical treatments could increase the extraction yield of SDF and improve the functional properties of SDF. The highest extraction yield (277.15 ± 5.87 g kg-1 based on the weight of soybean dregs) and purity (863.37 ± 5.15 g kg-1 based on the extract weight) of SDF was found in the sample by U-M treatment. U-HTC and U-M combined treatments significantly improved the water solubility and oil holding capacity of SDF. U-M treatment significantly increased the ability of SDF to adsorb cholesterol and perform cationic exchange; compared to the control, these abilities were increased by 138.46% and 10.38%, respectively. At pH 2.0, the nitrite ion adsorption capacity (NIAC) of SDF obtained by U-M combined treatment was 184.55 µg g-1 , which was significantly higher by 32.10% compared with that of the control. The results obtained by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that the structure of SDF generated from soybean dregs became coarser and more porous, and the crystallinity decreased after physical treatments. CONCLUSION: Combined physical treatment is an effective way to improve the extracted yield and functional properties of SDF from soybean dregs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Gas Detection Technology Research Progress.

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) can be utilized as an ultrasensitive gas detection method. The basic principles of gas detection using PAS are discussed in this paper. First, the basic instrumentation for a PAS gas detection system is introduced focusing on the photoacoustic cell. The discussion includes non-resonant photoacoustic cells and the different types of resonant photoacoustic cells, including the longitudinal photoacoustic cell, the Helmholtz photoacoustic cell, the T-type photoacoustic cell, and the high-frequency resonant photoacoustic cell. The basic working principles of each of these, cells as well as the advantages and disadvantages of photoacoustic cells are discussed, and the development of newer types of photoacoustic cells in recent years is outlined in detail. This review provides detailed reference information and guidance for interested researchers who would like to design and build advanced photoacoustic cells for gas detection.

Effects of rapid rehabilitation nursing model on surgical site wound infection and pain of patients with ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis.

To explore the effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing model on surgical site wound infection and pain of patients with ovarian cancer. Computer searches were performed on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of rapid rehabilitation nursing model applied to ovarian cancer patients in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), VIP and Wanfang Database from the time each database was constructed to May 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and completed an assessment of the quality of the literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. The database was searched to obtain 255 articles, and 22 articles were finally included, containing 966 patients in the experimental group and 954 patients in the control group, for a total of 1920 patients. The results of the meta-analysis showed that, compared with other nursing models, the use of the rapid rehabilitation nursing model significantly reduced surgical site wound infections in patients with ovarian cancer (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15-0.61, p < 0.001) and the rate of post-operative complications (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.19-0.38, p < 0.001) also reduced the patients' post-operative wound pain (MD = -0.70, 95% CI: -0.85 to -0.55, p < 0.001). The rapid rehabilitation nursing model applied to patients with ovarian cancer surgery can effectively reduce the rate of post-operative complications and wound infections, and it can also reduce the post-operative wound pain.

Pediatric gliosarcoma, a rare central nervous system tumor in children: Case report and literature review.

Gliosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant central nervous system tumor that accounts for 1%-8% of glioblastomas; it usually occurs in middle-aged and older adults between 40 and 60 years of age and is rare in children. We report an 11-year-old boy with right frontal lobe gliosarcoma who underwent aggressive gross total resection and postoperative radiotherapy, experienced recurrence and subsequently underwent a second operation. To better understand the disease and explore treatment options, we briefly report this case and review the relevant literature.

Molecular Design Concept for Enhancement Charge Carrier Mobility in OFETs: A Review.

In the last two decades, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have garnered increasing attention from the scientific and industrial communities. The performance of OFETs can be evaluated based on three factors: the charge transport mobility (µ), threshold voltage (Vth), and current on/off ratio (Ion/off). To enhance µ, numerous studies have concentrated on optimizing charge transport within the semiconductor layer. These efforts include: (i) extending π-conjugation, enhancing molecular planarity, and optimizing donor-acceptor structures to improve charge transport within individual molecules; and (ii) promoting strong aggregation, achieving well-ordered structures, and reducing molecular distances to enhance charge transport between molecules. In order to obtain a high charge transport mobility, the charge injection from the electrodes into the semiconductor layer is also important. Since a suitable frontier molecular orbitals' level could align with the work function of the electrodes, in turn forming an Ohmic contact at the interface. OFETs are classified into p-type (hole transport), n-type (electron transport), and ambipolar-type (both hole and electron transport) based on their charge transport characteristics. As of now, the majority of reported conjugated materials are of the p-type semiconductor category, with research on n-type or ambipolar conjugated materials lagging significantly behind. This review introduces the molecular design concept for enhancing charge carrier mobility, addressing both within the semiconductor layer and charge injection aspects. Additionally, the process of designing or converting the semiconductor type is summarized. Lastly, this review discusses potential trends in evolution and challenges and provides an outlook; the ultimate objective is to outline a theoretical framework for designing high-performance organic semiconductors that can advance the development of OFET applications.